Endocrinology and Metabolism

Sun Ho Kim (Kim SH)

15 Articles

Adrenal gland
Early Prediction of Long-Term Response to Cabergoline in Patients with Macroprolactinomas: Youngki Lee, Cheol Ryong Ku, Eui-Hyun Kim, Jae Won Hong, Eun Jig Lee, Sun Ho Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(3):280-292. Published online September 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.3.280

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Background

Cabergoline is typically effective for treating prolactinomas; however, some patients display cabergoline resistance, and the early characteristics of these patients remain unclear. We analyzed early indicators predicting long-term response to cabergoline.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 44 patients with macroprolactinomas who received cabergoline as first-line treatment; the patients were followed for a median of 16 months. The influence of various clinical parameters on outcomes was evaluated.

Results

Forty patients (90.9%) were treated medically and displayed tumor volume reduction (TVR) of 74.7%, a prolactin normalization (NP) rate of 81.8%, and a complete response (CR; TVR >50% with NP, without surgery) rate of 70.5%. Most patients (93.1%) with TVR ≥25% and NP at 3 months eventually achieved CR, whereas only 50% of patients with TVR ≥25% without NP and no patients with TVR <25% achieved CR. TVR at 3 months was strongly correlated with final TVR (R=0.785). Patients with large macroadenomas exhibited a low NP rate at 3 months, but eventually achieved TVR and NP rates similar to those of patients with smaller tumors. Surgery independently reduced the final dose of cabergoline (β=-1.181 mg/week), and two of four patients who underwent surgery were able to discontinue cabergoline.

Conclusion

Determining cabergoline response using TVR and NP 3 months after treatment is useful for predicting later outcomes. However, further cabergoline administration should be considered for patients with TVR >25% at 3 months without NP, particularly those with huge prolactinomas, because a delayed response may be achieved. As surgery can reduce the cabergoline dose necessary for successful disease control, it should be considered for cabergoline-resistant patients.

Citations

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Resistance to dopamine agonists in the treatment of prolactinomas: diagnostic criteria, mechanisms and ways to overcome it
Irena A. Ilovayskaya, Gulnar R. Vagapova
Almanac of Clinical Medicine.2024; 51(7): 397. CrossRef
Diagnosis and management of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: a Pituitary Society international Consensus Statement
Stephan Petersenn, Maria Fleseriu, Felipe F. Casanueva, Andrea Giustina, Nienke Biermasz, Beverly M. K. Biller, Marcello Bronstein, Philippe Chanson, Hidenori Fukuoka, Monica Gadelha, Yona Greenman, Mark Gurnell, Ken K. Y. Ho, Jürgen Honegger, Adriana G.
Nature Reviews Endocrinology.2023; 19(12): 722. CrossRef
Outcome Measures for Medical and Surgical Treatment of Prolactinomas. Is the Role of Surgery Underestimated?
Andrius Anuzis, Kevin O. Lillehei
Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Are dopamine agonists still the first-choice treatment for prolactinoma in the era of endoscopy? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Xiangming Cai, Junhao Zhu, Jin Yang, Chao Tang, Zixiang Cong, Chiyuan Ma
Chinese Neurosurgical Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) and International Chapter of Clinical Endocrinology (ICCE). Position statement for clinical practice: prolactin-secreting tumors
Renato Cozzi, Maria Rosaria Ambrosio, Roberto Attanasio, Claudia Battista, Alessandro Bozzao, Marco Caputo, Enrica Ciccarelli, Laura De Marinis, Ernesto De Menis, Marco Faustini Fustini, Franco Grimaldi, Andrea Lania, Giovanni Lasio, Francesco Logoluso, M
European Journal of Endocrinology.2022; 186(3): P1. CrossRef
Biochemical Remission after Cabergoline Withdrawal in Hyperprolactinemic Patients with Visible Remnant Pituitary Adenoma
Kyungwon Kim, Yae Won Park, Daham Kim, Sung Soo Ahn, Ju Hyung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Eun Jig Lee, Cheol Ryong Ku
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2021; 106(2): e615. CrossRef
Surgery is a safe, effective first-line treatment modality for noninvasive prolactinomas
Ji Yong Park, Wonsuk Choi, A Ram Hong, Jee Hee Yoon, Hee Kyung Kim, Woo-Youl Jang, Shin Jung, Ho-Cheol Kang
Pituitary.2021; 24(6): 955. CrossRef
Molecular Pathways in Prolactinomas: Translational and Therapeutic Implications
Betina Biagetti, Rafael Simò
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(20): 11247. CrossRef
A scoping review to understand the indications, effectiveness, and limitations of cabergoline in radiological and biochemical remission of prolactinomas
Rakesh Mishra, SubhasK Konar, Adesh Shrivastava, Pradeep Chouksey, Sumit Raj, Amit Agrawal
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 25(6): 493. CrossRef
Predictors of dopamine agonist resistance in prolactinoma patients
Elle Vermeulen, Jean D’Haens, Tadeusz Stadnik, David Unuane, Kurt Barbe, Vera Van Velthoven, Sven Gläsker
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The Role of Dopamine Agonists in Pituitary Adenomas
Erica A. Giraldi, Adriana G. Ioachimescu
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America.2020; 49(3): 453. CrossRef
Prevalence of Thyroid Disease in Patients Surgically Treated for Pituitary Disease
Kim, Cho, Ku, Jung, Moon, Kim, Shin, Kim, Lee
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2019; 8(8): 1142. CrossRef
Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2014
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(1): 47. CrossRef

Adrenal gland
Characteristics of Acromegaly in Korea with a Literature Review: Jae Won Hong, Cheol Ryong Ku, Sun Ho Kim, Eun Jig Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(3):164-168. Published online September 13, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.3.164

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Acromegaly is a slowly progressive disease caused by excessive growth hormone (GH), which is related to a GH secreting pituitary tumor in most cases. Herein, we describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment of acromegaly in Korea with a literature review. The average annual incidence of acromegaly in Korea was 3.9 cases per million people, which was within the range of previous Western studies. The primary treatment for acromegaly was also transsphenoidal adenomectomy, which accounted for 90.4% of patients whose primary therapeutic options were known. The overall surgical remission rates were 89%, 87%, 64%, 70%, and 50% for modified Hardy classification I, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV, respectively. An updated and larger study regarding the treatment outcome of medical/radiotherapy in Korean acromegalic patients is needed.

Citations

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Risk of depression in patients with acromegaly in Korea (2006-2016): a nationwide population-based study
Shinje Moon, Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
European Journal of Endocrinology.2023; 189(3): 363. CrossRef
Increased Risk of Hip Fracture in Patients with Acromegaly: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea
Jiwon Kim, Namki Hong, Jimi Choi, Ju Hyung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Eun Jig Lee, Sin Gon Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 690. CrossRef
Selective screening of patients with associated somatic diseases as a method of early detection of acromegaly
M. B. Antsiferov, V. S. Pronin, T. M. Alekseeva, O. A. Ionova, E. Y. Martynova, Yu. E. Poteshkin, N. A. Chubrova, K. Y. Zherebchikova
Problems of Endocrinology.2021; 67(1): 20. CrossRef
Precision Therapy in Acromegaly Caused by Pituitary Tumors: How Close Is It to Reality?
Cheol Ryong Ku, Vladimir Melnikov, Zhaoyun Zhang, Eun Jig Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(2): 206. CrossRef
Patient Characteristics, Diagnostic Delays, Treatment Patterns, Treatment Outcomes, Comorbidities, and Treatment Costs of Acromegaly in China: A Nationwide Study
Xiaopeng Guo, Kailu Wang, Siyue Yu, Lu Gao, Zihao Wang, Huijuan Zhu, Bing Xing, Shuyang Zhang, Dong Dong
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiología de la acromegalia en Ecuador
Enrique López Gavilanez, Kempis Guerrero Franco, Narcisa Solórzano Zambrano, Manuel Navarro Chávez, Camilo López Estrella, Luis Vaca Burbano, Eduardo Marriott Díaz
Endocrinología y Nutrición.2016; 63(7): 333. CrossRef
A magnetic resonance imaging‐based classification system for indication of trans‐sphenoidal hypophysectomy in canine pituitary‐dependent hypercortisolism
A. Sato, T. Teshima, H. Ishino, Y. Harada, T. Yogo, N. Kanno, D. Hasegawa, Y. Hara
Journal of Small Animal Practice.2016; 57(5): 240. CrossRef
Epidemiology of acromegaly in Ecuador
Enrique López Gavilanez, Kempis Guerrero Franco, Narcisa Solórzano Zambrano, Manuel Navarro Chávez, Camilo López Estrella, Luis Vaca Burbano, Eduardo Marriott Díaz
Endocrinología y Nutrición (English Edition).2016; 63(7): 333. CrossRef
An Association Study Between Gene Polymorphisms of Folic Acid Metabolism Enzymes and Biochemical and Hormonal Parameters in Acromegaly
Aslı Tetik Vardarlı, Ayhan Zengi, Vildan Bozok Çetintaş, Muammer Karadeniz, Sadık Tamsel, Ali Şahin Küçükaslan, Timur Köse, Füsun Saygılı, Zuhal Eroglu
Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers.2015; 19(8): 431. CrossRef
Diagnosis, treatment and clinical perspectives of acromegaly
Ferdinand Roelfsema, Gerrit van den Berg
Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism.2015; 10(6): 619. CrossRef
Change in quality of life in patients with acromegaly after treatment with octreotide LAR: first application of AcroQoL in Korea
S. O. Chin, C. H. Chung, Y.-S. Chung, B.-J. Kim, H. Y. Kim, I.-J. Kim, J. G. Kim, M.-S. Kim, S.-Y. Kim, E. J. Lee, K. Y. Lee, S.-W. Kim
BMJ Open.2015; 5(6): e006898. CrossRef
Brief Review of Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2013
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014; 29(3): 251. CrossRef

Correlation between Pituitary Insufficiency and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Finding in Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas.: Hyun Min Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Eun Young Lee, Woo Kyung Lee, Jung Soo Lim, Sena Hwang, Mi Jung Lee, Seung Ku Lee, Sun Ho Kim, Eun Jig Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(4):310-315. Published online December 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.4.310

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are characterized by the absence of clinical and biochemical evidence of pituitary hormone hypersecretion, and these tumors constitute approximately one third of all the tumors of the anterior pituitary. Recently, hormonal deficiencies have gradually evolved to become the leading presenting signs and symptoms in patients with NFPAs. We investigated pituitary hormonal insufficiencies according to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with NFPA. METHODS: We evaluated the patients who were newly diagnosed with NFPA from 1997 through 2009. Among them, we analyzed 387 patients who were tested for their combined pituitary function and who underwent MRI. The severity of the hypopituitarism was determined by the number of deficient axes of the pituitary hormones. On the MRI study, the maximal diameter of the tumor, Hardy's classification, the thickness of the pituitary gland and the presence of stalk compression were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age was 46.85 +/- 12.93 years (range: 15-86) and 186 patients (48.1%) were male. As assessed on MRI, the tumor diameter was 27.87 +/- 9.93 mm, the thickness of the normal pituitary gland was 1.42 +/- 2.07 mm and stalk compression was observed in 201 patients (51.9%). Hypopituitarism was observed in 333 patients (86.0%). Deficiency for each pituitary hormone was most severe in the patients with Hardy type IIIA. Hypopituitarism was severe in the older age patients (P = 0.001) and the patients with a bigger tumor size (P < 0.001) and the presence of stalk compression (P < 0.001). However, the patients who had a thicker pituitary gland showed less severe hypopituitarism (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age, tumor diameter and the thickness of pituitary gland were important determinants for pituitary deficiency (P = 0.004, P < 0.001, P = 0.022, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the hormonal deficiencies in patient with NFPA were correlated with the MRI findings, and especially the tumor diameter and preservation of the pituitary gland.

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Clinical Parameters to Distinguish Silent Corticotroph Adenomas from Other Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas
Daham Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Se Hee Park, Ju Hyung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Sun Ho Kim, Eun Jig Lee
World Neurosurgery.2018; 115: e464. CrossRef

SR (Slow-Replase) Lanreotide Treatment in Acromegalic Patients.: Jae Hyun Nam, Sung Kil Lim, Sun Ho Kim, Chul Woo Ahn, Song Chul Lee, Young Duk Song, Kyung Rae Kim, Hyun Chul Lee, Ki Hyun Park, Kap Bum Huh; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1999;14(3):472-482. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Several clinical studies reported the efficacy of the long-acting SRIH analog, octreotide (Octreotide, Sandoz) in the treattnent of acromegaly. Recently, another SRIH analog (BIM 23014, Ipsen Biotech) was shown to decrease plasma GH levels in acromegalic patients. The recent availability of a long-acting formulation of BIM 23014 [slow release (SR) lanreotide] could avoid repeated sc injections or continuous sc infusions. The objective of this study was to determine the tolerability and effectiveness of the slow release (SR) somatostatin analog, SR lanreotide in active acromegaly. METHOD: Between March 1998 and May 1998, 10 patients were recruited in the prospective study carried out at Yonsei University. The effects of 6 weeks of SR lanreotide, given every 14 days at a dosage of 30 mg, im, were analyzed. All the patients completed the 6-week period of therapy. RESULTS: SR lanreotide injection produced 45% suppression of area under the curve of GH levels from the basal value on oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT). GH values on OGTT were normalized (< 2ng/mL) in 30% of patients after 6 weeks, whereas insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels were normalized in 50% of patients. No correlation was found between pretreatment GH levels and GH response to SR lanreotide or between changes in GH and IGF-I during therapy, The significant differences in response to SR lanreotide were shown between the patients with residual mass and no visible mass. During treatment, there was the significant reduction in the percentage of patients complaining of joint pain, hyperhydrosis, and paresthesias. Changes in soft tissue swelling were documented by a significant decrease in the diameter of fingers. Mild diarrhea and fatigue were the most frequent side-effects (20 30%) when SR lanreotide therapy was started. However, these side effects decreased progressively. Significant changes were noted in carbohydrate tolerance. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that SR lanreotide at a dose of 30 mg, im, every 14 days is an effective treatment in most unselected acromegalic patients, especially in patients with no visible mass. Tolerability to SR lanreotide therapy is high. The use of a new sustained release formulation of somatostatin analog is clearly advantageous in improving patient compliance with medical treatment for acromegaly.

Clinical Features of Pityitary Hyperplasia.: Kyoung Rae Kim, Sung Kil Lim, Young Jun Won, Seok Ho Kwon, Bong Soo Cha, Young Duk Song, Hyun Chul Lee, Kap Bum Huh, Bo Young Choung, Su Yeun Nam, Sun Ho Kim, Tse Sung Kim, Jae Hwa Um; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(2):155-164. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
S: Pituitary hyperplasia can mimic pituitary adenoma. In MRI, enlarged pituitary gland is enhanced homogenously with upward convexity of the superior margin of the gland .The best definition of hyperplasia in the pituitary hyperplasia seems to be a multiplication of one or more cell types. But definition, etiology and clinical courses of this disease are not clear, METHOD: We reviewed clinical symptoms, MRI, and pathologic findindings in 6 patients with pituitary hyperplasia. RESULT: 1. Major clinical symptoms were headache (100%), visual field defect (84%), polyuria/polydipsia (64%), and irregular mensturation (32%). Other symptoms were amenorrhea (16%) and galactorrhea (16%). 2. Three of five cases showed abnormal responses to combined pituitary function test, 3. MRI findings were pituitary hyperplasia (4), macroadenoma (l), and microadenoma (1). 4. In two operated cases, there was no adenoma. One case showed hyperplasia of lactotroph cells, the other was hyperplasia of gonadotroph cells confirmed by the examination of immunocytochemistry. CONCLUSION: Pituitary hyperplasia should be considered in patients with enlarged pituitary gland without focal mass lesion.

Suppressive Therapy with Levothyroxine in Benignn Solitary Thyroid Nodule.: Sun Ho Kim, Jin Ho Choo, Ki Chang Oh, Hyoung Churl Cho, Jang Hyeon Cho, Joong Kyu Lim, Jin Duk Huh; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(1):45-52. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Clinically apparent thyroid nodule is a very common disease in adults. Patients are often treated with thyroxine in order to reduce the size of the nodule, but the efficacy of thyroxine-suppressive therapy with thyroxine remains uncertain. We investigated the efficacy of thyroxine-suppressive therapy and the hormonal characteristics during thyroxine therapy to find out whether such measurement could be used to determine the effectiveness of this therapy in patients with benign solitary thyroid nodule proved by aspiration biopsy. METHODS: In this study, 54 patients were randomly assigned to receive L-thyroxine (Group I, n=24) or placebo (GroupII, n=30) for 1 year. High resolution ultrasonography (10MHz) was used to measure the size of the nodules at six month intervals. Thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin assay and FNA (fine needle aspiration) was done at the same time. The dose of thyroxine was 200ug/day. Patients were followed at 6 month intervals. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) 13 (54.1%) out of 24 Group I patients after adequate TSH suppression had a statistically significant reduction of nodule size and before-to-after nodule volume ratios were significantly different between the Group I and Group II patients. 2) In the responders among Group I patients, the before-to-after therapy ratio of the nodule volume was not related to the pretreatment nodule size, thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin levels. CONCLUSION: Thus we concluded that an adequate suppressive dose of L-thyroxine significantly altered the volume of the benign solitary thyroid nodules 12 months later.

Diagnostic Value of Thallium-201 Scan in The Thyroid Nodule.: Jeong Sik Moon, Kee Hyeon Kim, Chul Sung Park, Jae Haak Lee, Gyeong Heon Jeong, Sun Ho Kim, Jung Kyu Lim, Chin Duk Huh, Hyeng Suk Cho, Jang Shin Son; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1996;11(2):175-181. Published online November 7, 2019

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Abstract PDF: To investigate diagnostic value of Thallium 201(T1-201) thymid scan in differentiating malignant nodule from benign, 135 patients with thyroid nodule were evaluated with Tl-201 thyroid scan, fine needle aspiration(FNA), clinical characteristics and laboratory data. Each had histological diagnosis after thyroidectomy. Tl-201 scan had a sensitivity of 67.3% and a specificity of 66.3% and FNA had sermitivity of 46.9% and specificity of 100% in predicting malignancy. As the size of thyroid nodule and age of patient incteases, diagnostic value of 11-201 thyroid scan was improved. In the thyroid nodules larger then 3cm, sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value were 100%, 70% and 100%, reqectively. By cornbining Tl-201 throid scan and FNA, sensitivity had 91.8%. From the data we conclude that Tl-201 thyroid scan is valuable with adjuvant diagnostic method in differentiating malignant fmm benign thyroid nodule and treatment planning.

Clinical and Endocrinologic Differences between Prolactinoma and Pseudoprolactinoma Proven by Immunohistochemical Study.: Jae Wha Jo, Eun Jig Lee, Moon Suk Nam, Su Youn Nam, Young Duk Song, Hyun Chul Lee, Kap Bum Huh, Tae Seung Kim, Sun Ho Kim, Kyung Rae Kim, Bong Soo Cha, Ji Hyun Lee, Sung Kil Lim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1995;10(4):362-369. Published online November 7, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Hyperprolactinemia is the most common hypothalamo-pituitary disorder encountered in clinical endocrinology. Excluding the drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, the most common cause of this disorder is a pituitary tumor. Prolactinoma is mainly made up of prolactin-secreting cells but pseudoprolactinoma is tumor that does not secrete prolactin itself. The pseudoprolactinoma interrupts the flow of prolactin inhibiting factor, dopamine, from the hypothalamus through the pituitary stalk to the normal pituitary. The differentiation prolactinoma from pseudoprolactinoma is vitally important since true prolactinomas are most commonly responded well in terms of tumor shrinkage to medical treatment using dopamine agonist therapy, whereas pseudoprolactinomas do not. Thus surgical treatment is clearly indicated as first-line treatment if we know that a lesion is a pseudoprolactinoma. We compared prolactinoma with pseudoprolactinoma in clinical and endocrinologic characteristics of 48 cases after immunohistochemical diagnosis. We could not find any differential point of both tumors in clinical and radiological characteristics although some differences were exist. But we had found the relationship between the mean level of pretreatment serum prolactin and the presence of positive immunohistochemical stain for prolactin. The pretreatment serum prolactin level was significantly higher in patients with tumors showing many prolactin immunohistochemical staining cells than in those with none(p<0.05). When the pretreatment serum prolactin exceeded 100ng/ml, the tumors contain 94% of prolactin positive cells in stain. So, if the pretreatment serum prolactin exceeds 100ng/ml, we primarily suspect prolactinoma and medical treatment should be considered. If the pretreatment level below 100ng/ml, we suspect pseudoprolactinoma and surgical treatment should be considered.

A Case of Giant Cell Granuloma of The Pituitary Gland.: Eun Jig Lee, Young Duk Song, Sung Kil Lim, Hyun Chul Lee, Kap Bum Huh, Tae Seung Kim, Sun Ho Kim, Bong Soo Cha, Dong Hun Choi, Jeong Il Jeong; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;10(3):284-288. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Granulomatous disease of the pituitary gland are uncommon disorders which are rarely diagnosed in patients presenting for hypophysectomy. The majority of reported cases come from neuropsy material and include infectious and systemic disease such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, syphilis and fungal infections. We experienced giant cell granuloma of the pituitary gland in a 47 years-old woman. The patient suffered from headache, polyuria and polydipsia. MR images of brain demonstrated a hyposignaled mass. The fibrous tissues were removed by transsphenoidal approach. The clinical and histopathological features of this rare entity are reviewed.

A Case of Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome.: In Pyo Jun, Suck Hwan Lim, Won Hyep Bae, Seung Jun Kim, Youn Ho Lee, Sun Ho Kim, Jung Kyu Lim, Jin Duk Hur; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;10(2):142-147. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Polyglandular autoimmune(PGA) syndrome designates the dysfunction of endocrine and nonendocrine system involving two or more glands on the basis of autoimmunity. There are three types of PGA syndrome and their pathogenesis is still not completely understood. A 27-year-old woman developed polyglandular autoimmune syndrome manifesting insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis and Graves' disease associated papillary thyroid carcinoma. The thyroid antimicrosomal antibody and antiacetylcholine receptor antibody were positive. Her HLA serotype was A2, A11, A62, B60, CW3, CW4, DR4, DR9.We report here a case of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, type III manifesting insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis and Graves' disease associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

10 Years Prospective Study for the Surgical Total Removal of Pituitary Tumor; Preliminary Report - 2, 5 Years Follow Up.: Eun Jig Lee, Sung Kil Lim, Kap Bum Huh, Sun Ho Kim, Dong Ik Kim, Byung Hee Lee, Ju Heon Yoon, Su Yeon Choi, Joong Uhn Choi, Sang Seop Chung, Kyu Chang Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;10(2):85-94. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: The goal of the pituitary tumor surgery is restoration of the normal endocrine function and releaving the pressure effects of the tumor mass on the adjacent neural structures. The authors had proceeded with the 10 years prospective follow-up study for the endocrine function and recurrence of pituitary tumor in the patients who received the complete total resection of tumor mass by the means of total capsulectomy.The authors will discuss the preliminary result of 2.5 years follow-up of this study.

In Situ Hybridization Analysis of Human Growth Hormone and Prolactin Secreting Pitultary Adenomas.: Jae Wha Jo, Eun Jig Lee, Moon Suk Nam, Kyung Rae Kim, Sung Kil Lim, Hyun Chul Lee, Kap Bum Huh, Tae Seung Kim, Sun Ho Kim, Joong Uhn Choi, Kyu Chang Lee, Hyun Joo Jung, Sang Seop Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;9(2):82-92. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: A non-isotopic in situ hybridization method with biotin-labelled oligonucleotide probes was used to examine growth hormone(GH) and prolactin(PRL) gene expression in 32 patients with pituitary adenomas; 13 were prolactinomas, 8 GH secreting adenomas, and 11 mixed GH and PRL secreting adenomas.Positive immunostaining for GH was found in all patients with GH secreting adenomas, and mixed GH and PRL secreting adenomas. Positive immunostaining for PRL was found in all patients with prolactinomas and 9(81.8%) of 11 mixed GH and PRL secreting adenomas, 5(62.5%) of 8 GH secreting adenomas. Immunohistochemistry revealed that 13 were lactotrope adenomas, 5 somatotrope adenomas, and 14 GH and PRL cell adenomas.In situ hybridization revealed that GH mRNA expression was found in all the patients with somatotrope adenomas and GH and PRL cell adenomas, and 6(46.1%) of 13 lactotrope adenomas. PRL mRNA expression was 100% in lactotrope and GH and PRL cell adenomas, and 4(80.0%) of 5 somatotrope adenomas.The patients with a clinical diagnosis of acromegaly had detectable PRL mRNA in their neoplasm and it is suggested that the PRL cells in the adenomas did not result from dedifferentiation, but from the neoplastic stimulus for some mixed tumors probably occurred in cells previously committed to produce PRL and GH. In lactotrope adenomas, the PRL cells of the patients without expression of GH mRNA may be arised from cells programmed to secrete PRL or precussor PRL cells rather than from mixed GH-PRL cells. The finding that some patients produced mRNA detectable by in situ hybridization, but no hormone detectable by immunohistochemistry within tumor was suggested of a silent adenoma.These observations indicated that in situ hybridization studies may improve the classification of pituitary adenomas and may provide a precise knowledge of the biology of these neoplasms.

Diabetes Mellitus in Association with Klinefelter Syndrome.: In Pyo Jun, Suck Hwan Lim, Won Hyep Bae, Seung Jun Kim, Youn Ho Lee, Sun Ho Kim, Jung Kyu Lim, Jin Duk Hur; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;9(1):46-49. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Klinefelter syndrome is the most common form of male hypogonadism. It is characterized by small, firm testis, gynecomastia, a variable degree of eunuchoidism, azoospermia, elevated gonadotropin level. Increased frequency of diabetes mellitus, breast cancer, empysema, chronic bronchitis, varicose vein, germ cell neoplasia occurs in Klinefelter syndrome. We report a 19 year-old male patient with diabetes mellitus in association with Klinefelter syndrome, which was confirmed by chromosome analysis. The patient is being treated with insulin for diabetes mellius and with testostrone replacement for Klinefelter syndrome.

A case of acromegaly in McCune-Albright syndrome.: Hyeon Kim, Jin Hyung Jang, Dong Myung Lim, Dae Cheol Wee, Cheol Seung Youn, Sun Ho Kim, Jung Kyu Leem, Jin Deug Heo; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1992;7(4):402-408. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodules.: Sang Seok Lee, Sun Ho Kim, Jong Kwan Kim, Phil Seok Oh, Jung Kyu Lim, Chin Duk Huh, Jang Shin Sohn; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1991;6(2):150-156. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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